Lock



(July 12, 1932;

I J.AW. FITZGERALD 1,866,886..

LOCK

2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Oct. 5, 1931 Fkll I l A T fi ATTORNEY PatentedJuly 12, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE JOHN w. rrrz GERALD, or MIWAUKEE,

Wisconsin, Assmnoa 'ro BRIGGS & s'rmr- TON CORPORATION, OF MILWAUKEE,WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE LOCK ' Application filed October 5,1931. Serial No. 566,977.

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in locksand refers more particularly to key controlled tumbler locks.

It is an object of this invention to provide means for positivelysecuring the lock cylinder against unlocking movement in the event offorced or unauthorized actuation of the lock cylinder.

Another object of this invention resides in the provision of a normallydormant locking element which is shiftable to a position positivelyrestraining unlocking movement of the lock cylinder upon any movement ofthe lock cylinder not produced with the proper key.

Vith the aboveand other objects in view which will appear as thedescription proceeds, this invention resides in the novel construction,combination and arrangement of parts substantially as hereinafterdescribed and more particularly defined by the appended claims, it beingunderstood that such changes in the precise embodiment of thehereindisclosed invention may be made as come within the scope of theclaims.

In the accompanying drawings one com plete .eXampleof the physicalembodiment of this invention is illustrated constructed according to thebest mode so far devised for the practical application of the principlesthereof, and in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a lock struc ture embodyingthis'invention with parts broken away and in section;

Figure 2 is a cross section view taken through Figure 1 on the plane ofthe line 22;

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 1 and illustrating the lockingelement in operative position;

Figure 4 is a perspective view of the looking element; and

Figure 5 is a transverse section through the lock structure mountingmember.

Referring now more particularly to the accompanying drawings, thenumeral 5 represents a mounting member of suitable design having a bore6 to receive a lock cylinder 7. The outer end of the bore 6 iscounterbored as at 8 and the outer end of the lock cylinder 'municationwith the bore 6 is ,urged by springs 12 to has an enlarged head, 9 whichis received in the counterbore.

Formed in the mounting member in coma longitudinal groove 10 into whicha 11 carried by the lock cylinder are yieldably secure the lock cylinderagainst rotation in the bore. The tumblers 11 are retractable out of thelongitudinal groove 10 to free the, lock cylinder for rotation upon theinsertion of a proper key, not Eh'own, into a key opening 13 in the lockcylin- The rotation of the lock cylinder may be transmitted through acam or driving member 14 eccentrically extended from the inner end ofthe cylinder to any desired locking mechanism, not shown.

Directly alongside the tumbler receiving groove 10 and forming asidewise extension thereof, is another longitudinal groove 15. Thisgroove, as best illustrated in Figures 2 and 5, has its bottom steppedto form a deep channel 16 and a shallow portion 17 with the shallowportion 17 juxtapo'se the groove 10. The shallow portion 17 is of lessdepth than the tumbler receiving groove 10' and thus forms alongitudinal ledge 18 between the two grooves.

This ledge 18 is of sufficient depth for the locking tumblers to engagewhen in their projected positions to prevent accidental rotation of thelock cylinder, but is low enough so that even a slight rotational forceapplied to the lock cylinder as by a screw driver or other implementinserted in the key way during an attempt to force the lock, permits thepro ecting ends of the tumblers to move into the groove 15.

This movement of the tumblers into the vgroove moves a locking bar 19,slidably mounted in the groove, to an operative position positivelylocking the lock cylinder against further rotation toward unlockingposition, as will be later described. The locking bar 19 is in the formof a comb and comprises a solid back 20 and teeth 21. a

As best illustrated in Figure 2, the crosssectional shape of the lockingbar is such as to completely fill the groove 15 with one side pluralityof tumblers.

of the back and teeth forming a curved surshallow portion 17 and theback received in the deeper channel 16. Inasmuch as the cross section ofthe locking bar completely fills the groove 15, the lock cylinder andmounting member confine it in the groove and the engagement of its backin the deeper channel 16 guides the locking bar for longitudinal slidingmovement in the groove and holds the same against lateral movement outof its proper position into the groove 10 when the tumblers areretracted.

The outer end of the groove 15 like the groove 10 terminates with thebottom of the counter-bore 8 with which a shoulder 22 formed at thejuncture of the lock cylinder main portion with its outer enlarged head9 engages, so that the outer end of both grooves 10 and 15 is closed bythe shoulder 22. Consequently the shoulder 22 limits the outerlongitudinal movement of the locking bar.

Inward longitudinal movement of the locking bar is restricted byterminating the groove 15 as best illustrated in Figure 5. The distancefrom the inner end 23 ofthe groove 15 to the shoulder 22 is slightlygreater than the overall length of the locking bar so that a slightdegree of play is afforded. But upon any rotation of the lock cylindertoward unlocked position, which is in a counterclockwise direction withrespect to Figure 2, brought about without fully retracting all-of thetumblers any one or more tumblers'prd jecting beyond the lock cylinder,engage the teeth of the locking bar and cause it to shift forwardly toengage its forward tooth 24, which is comparatively heavier than theremaining teeth, with a notch 25 formed in the shoulder 22. To effectthis forward sliding of the locking bar upon rotation of the lockcylinder and the engagement of the tumblers with the teeth, the backedges 26 of the teeth are inclined, and when the locking bar is in itsnormally inactive position, the plane of the back edges of the teethintersects and lies in the path of the transverse planes of thetumblers.

Hence as the cylinder is turned and the tumbler ends engage the inclinedback edges 26 the cam action afforded thereby slides the locking barforwardly to engage its forward end 24: in the notch 25.

The engagement of a locking bar end 24 with the notch 25 forms a rigidlock preventing further rotation of the lock cylinder toward-unlockingpostion, and as it is impossible to engage a tool inserted through thekey way with the locking bar, the engagement of the bar with the notch25 provides a positive lock which cannot be defeated.

The only way in which the locking bar can be disengaged is byreturningthe lock cylinder to its fully locked position. During thismovement the angle of the bottom 27 of the notch cams the locking barrearwardly, the forward end of the back 19 of the comb-like locking barbeing inclined as at- 28 to facilitate this action; and it is observedthat when the lock cylinder is in its fully locked position the forwardend 24 of the locking bar engages the flat shoulder 22 so thataccidental shifting of the locking bar is impossible.

From the foregoing description taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art towhich an invention of the character described appertains that thisinvention affords a novel positive means for preventing picking of atumbler lock or even forcing the lock, for the locking bar may be ofsubstantial proportions and as it is placed in direct compressionbetween a mounting member carried abutment formed by one side of thegroove 15 and a lock cylinder abutment provided by the notch 25, it iscapable of withstanding very great torsional force. It is also apparentthat the incorporation of this locking bar to locks of the characterdescribed entails no radical changes in design and lends itself readilyto present manufacturing metho s.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. A lock comprising a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder movabletherein, tumblers adapted to nornfally secure the lock cylinder in apredetermined position in the mounting member bore, said tumblers beingmovable to free the lock cylinder for movement upon the insertion of aproper key into the lock cylinder, and means movable simultaneously uponmovement of the lock cylinder while at least one of the tumblers is inany but fully inactive position, to a position interlocking the lockcylinder and mounting member to restrict such movement of the lockcylinder. 1

i 2. A lock comprising a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder movabletherein, tumblers adapted to normally secure the lock cylinder in apredetermined position in the mounting member bore, said tumblers beingmovable to free the lock cylinder for movment upon the insertion of aproperkey into the lock cylinder, and means movable to a positionpreventing movement of the lock cylinder beyond a predetermined degreein one direction by any one tumbler during movement of the lock cylinderin said direction while said tumbler is in any but fully inactiveposition.

3. A look comprising a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder membermovable in the mounting member bore, and a locking element at all timesengaged with one of said members and movable into engagement with ,4;the tumblers, said locking element being movthe other member tointerlock said members and prevent movement in one direction beyond apredetermined degree, by unauthorized movement of the lock cylinder insaid direction.

4. A look comprising a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder membermovable in p the mounting member bore, locking tumblers position formoving the locking element to interlock the members. v i

5. -A lock comprising a mounting member, a lock cylindermovable therein,lockingtunn blers adapted to normally secure the lock cylinder in lockedposition said locking tumblers being retractable tofree the lockcylinder for movement from locked position upon the insertion of aproper key, and a locking element movable to a position securing thelock cylinder against movement beyond a predetermined degree in onedirection by any locking tumbler in any but fully retracted posi- 35.tion during movement of the lock cylinder in said direction.

6. A look comprisin member, a lockv cylin er rotatable in the mountingmember bore, locking tumblers for securing the lock. cylinder in alocked position and retractable to free the lock cylinder formovementfrom lockedposition upon the insertion of a proper key, and a lockingelement fpr securing the lock cylinder against movement in one directionindependently of a bored mounting able to operative position uponmovement of the lock cylinder from locked position ef-' fected While anylocking tumbler isin any but fully retracted position. 7. A lookcomprising a mounting member, a lock cylinder rotatable in the mountingmember, locking tumblers for securing the lock cylinder against rotationin the mounting member and retractable to free the lock cylinder forrotation upon. the insertion of a proper key, a locking elementengageable with the lock cylinder for securing the lock.

cylinder against rotation in one direction, and

means whereby any locking tumbler in any but fully retracted positionmoves the looking element to said operative position upon rotation ofthe lock cylinder in said direction while said locking tumbler is in anybut fully retracted position.

8. A lock comprising a mounting member,

a lock cylinder rotatable in the mounting member, locking tumblers forsecuring the lock cylinder against rotation in the mounting member andretractable to free the lock cylinder for rotation upon the insertion ofa proper key, a locking element movable to a position securing the lockcylinder against rotation in'one direction, and means on said lockingelement and engageable by any locking tumbler in any position other thanfully retracted position for moving the locking element into operativeposition upon rotation of the lock cylinder while said locking tumbleris in said position.

9. A look, comprising a bored mounting member, having. a tumblerreceiving groove communicating with its bore, a lock cylinder rotatablein the mounting member bore, locking tumblers carried by the lockcylinder and engageable in said groove to secure the lock cylinderagainst rotation, said tumblers being retractable by the insertion of aproper key into the lock cylinder to free the look cylinder forrotation, and the tumbler receiving groove being of greater width thanthe ,tumblers whereby a limited rotation of the lock cylinder ispossible while the tumblers are projected to locking positions, alocking ele-.

ment movable to a position securing the lock cylinder against rotationin one direction, andmeans on the locking element and engageable by anytumbler to move the locking element to said position during the rotationand adapted to secure the same against rota? i of the lockcylinderthrough said limited decomprising a bored mounting tion, saidtumbler's'being retractable to free 3 the lock cylinder for rotationupon the insertion of a proper key into the lock cylinder, a lockingelement longitudinally shiftable to a position securing the lockcylinder against rotation in one direction beyonda predetermined degree,and means carried by the locking element engageable by any one lookingtumbler during rotation of the lock cylinder in said degree effectedWhile said locking tumbler is in any but fully retracted position forshifting the locking element to operative position. i

11. A look comprising a mounting member, a lock cylinder in the mountingmember and movable therein by a key inserted into the lock cylinder, alocking element movable to a position securing the lock cylinder againstmovement in one direction beyond a predetermined degree, and cooperatingmeans carried by the locking element and the lock cylinder fpr movingthe locking element to said position upon movement of the lock cylindereffected in any other manner except by the proper key.

12. A lock comprising a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder in themounting member bore, locking tumblers for holding the lock cylinderagainst rotation and retractable to free the lock cylinder for rotationupon the-insertion of a proper key into the lock cylinder, a lockingelement longitudinally movable in the mounting member and having asurface forming substantially a continuation of the curved surface ofthe bore whereby the locking tumblers clear the same when in fullyretracted position, and means on said locking element and engageable byany locking tumbler not fully retracted during rotation in one directionfor moving the locking element to a position securing the lock cylinderagainst rotation in said direction beyond a predetermined degree.

13. A look, comprising a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder in themounting member bore and movable to and from a locked position, lockingtumblers for securmember bore and movable to and from a locked position,locking tumblers for securing the lock cylinder in said locked position,said locking tumblers being retractable to free the lock cylinder formovement from said locked position upon the insertion of a proper key, alocking element movable to a position securing the lock cylinder againstmovement from locked position, and means carried by the locking elementand engageable byiany locking tumbler during movement of the lockcylinder efiected by any means other than the proper key for moving thelocking element to said. position.

15. A look comprising a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder in themounting member bore and movable to and from a locked position, lockingtumblers for securing the lock cylinder in locked position and .movableto inactive positions to free the lock cylinder for movement from lockedposition upon the insertion of a proper key 7 into the lock cylinder, alocking element movable to a position securing the lock cylinderagainstmovement from locked position, -and an abutment carried by thelock ing element and having an inclined surface engageableby a lockingtumbler during movement of the lock cylinder while said locking tumbleris in any but fully inactive position, for moving the locking element toits operative position.

16. A' look cylinder comprising a bored mounting member, an abutment onthe mounting member, a lock cylinder rotatable in the-mounting memberbore, an abutment carried by the lock cylinder, locking tum blers forsecuring the lock cylinder in locked position and retractable upon theinsertion of a proper key to free the lock cylinder for rotation fromlocked position, a locking element at all times engaged with one of theabutments and movable into engagement with the other abutment to securethe lock cylinder against movement from locked position, and means formoving the locking element upon rotation of the lock cylinder effectedwhile any locking tumbler is in any but fully retracted position.

17. A look comprising a mounting member, a lock cylinder movable in themounting member, locking tumblers for securing the lock cylinder inlocked position at which the lock cylinderhas a llmited degree ofmovement with respect to the mounting member, said locking tumblersbeing movable to inactive positions to release the lock cylinder formovement from locked position upon the insertion of a proper keyinto thelock cylinder, a locking element movable to av position securing thelock cylinder against movement from locked positlon, and means formoving said locking element to its operative position during the limitedmovement in one direction ofthe lock cylinder effected in any mannerother than by the use of the proper key.

18. In a lock including a mounting member, a lock cylinder member in themountin member, locking tumblers r'or holding the lock cylinder memberin a locked position and movable by a proper key to inactive positionsfreeing the lock cylinder member for movement from locked position, alocking element movable longitudinally with respect to the lock cylindermember to and from a position interlocking said members, and means forcontrolling the locking element from a locking tumbler so that movementof the lock cylinder member from its locked position with said tumblerin any but fully inactive position effects said interlocking.

19. In alock including a mounting member, a lock cylinder member in themounting member, locking tumblers for holding the lock cylinder memberin a locked position and movable by a proper key to inactive positionfreeing the lock cylinder member for movement from locked position, alocking element interposed between said members and movablelongitudinally with respect to the lock cylinder member to and from aposition inter-locking the said members, and means for controlling thelocking element from alocking tumbler so that movement of the lockcylinder member from locked position with said tumbler in any but fullyinactive position efiects said interlocking.

20. In a lock including a mounting member, a lock cylinder member in themounting member and movable from a locked position upon the insertion ofa proper key therein, a locking element carried by one of said membersand movable longitudinally with respect to the lock cylinder member toand from a position interlocking said members, and means operable uponactuation of the lock cylinder member from locked position by any meansother than the proper key for efi'ecting said interlocking.

21. In a lock including a mounting member, a lock cylinder member in themounting member and movable from a locked position upon the insertion ofa proper key therein, a locking element mounted 1n a groove in one ofthe members and extend ing longitudinally with respect to the lockcylinder member and juxtapose the other member whereby said lockingelement is' maintained in the groove by said other member, said lockingelement being longitudinally movable in the groove to a positioninterlocking said members, and means operable upon actuation of the lockcylinder member from locked position by any means other than theinterlocking;

22. A lock comprising a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder membermovable 1n the mounting member bore to and, from locked position uponthe insertion o fa proper key into the lock cylinder member, one of saidmembers having a longltudmal groove opening to the line of part betweensaid members, a locking element long1tud1- d nally slidable in saidgroove to and from a position interlocking said members, andmeansoperable upon actuation of the lock cylinder member from locked positionby any means. other than the proper key for sliding the locking elementto its position interlocking the members.

23. A look com member, a lock cy inder member movable in the mountingmember bore to and from locked position, locking tumblers for holdingthe lock cylinder member in locked position, said tumblers being movableto inactivepositions upon the insertion of a proper. key

rising a bored mounting into the lock cylinder member to, free the lockcylinder member for movement from locked position, one of said membershaving a longitudinal groove opening to thetline of part between saidmembers, a locking element slidably mounted in said groove for movementto and from a position interlocking said members, and means forcontrolling the locking element from a locking tumbler so that movementof the lock cylinder memproper key, for effecting said her from itslocked position with said tumbler in any but fully inactive positionlongitudinally slides the locking element to interlocking position.

24. A lock comprising a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder member,in said mounting member bore and movable to and from a locked position,locking tumblers for holding the lock cylinder member in locked positionand retractable upon. the insertion of a proper key into the lockcylinder mema lock cylinder member movable in projected from the lockcylinder member for holding the lock cylinder member in locked position,said locking tumblers being retractableto free the lock cylinder memberfor movement upon'the insertion of a proper ,-key into the lock cylindermemberysaid mounting member having a longitudinal groove openingto itsbore and into whichthe tumblers are movable upon movement of the lockcylinder member from locked position while the tumblers areprojected, alock- K ing element in said groove and movable to a positioninterlocking said members, and

means carried by said locking element and engageable by any projectedlocking tumbler bler remains projected for moving the locking element tooperative position.

26 A'lock comprising a bored mounting? member, a lock cylinder membermovable in the mounting member bore to and fromlocking. tumblerscarried'by uring movement of the lock cylinder'memher from its lockedposition while said tumcylinder member to free the same for move 7 ment,the mounting member having a longitudinal groove opening to itsboreand'closed by the cylindrical surface of the lock cylinder member, alocking element in the groove of a cross section su stantially fillingthe 'groove whereby the lock cylinder member maintains the lockingelement inthe groove, 7

said locking element being movable longitudinally .to a positioninterlocking the members, and-inclined abutments on the locking element.lying in the paths of thelocking tumblers during movement of the lockcylinder member from locked position efiected while the tumblers are inany but retracted position, whereby the locking element is moved to itsoperative interlocking position by any projected tumbler upon suchmovement of the lock cylinder member.

27. A look comprising a bored mounting member having a longitudinalgroove com munioating with its bore, the bottom of the groove beingstepped and of less depth at its central portion than at its side edgesto abrupt ledge and the other side of the groove, and maintained in thegroove by the cylindrical surface of the lock cylinder member, and

means including any locking tumbler projecting beyond the lock cylindermember for sliding the locking member upon rotation of the lock cylindermember effected while said locking tumbler projects therebeyond.

28. A lock comprising a bored mounting member, having a tumblerreceiving groove communicating with its bore and a second groovejuxtapose the tumbler receiving groove and forming a sidewise extensionthereof, said second groove being of less depth than the tumblerreceiving groove at its juncture with the tumbler receiving groove 'toprovide a longitudinal ledge, a lock cylinder member rotatable in themounting member bore to and from a locked position, looking tumblerscarried by the lock cylinder member and engageable in. the tumbler receiving groove to hold the lock cylinder member in locked position, saidtumblers being 'movable into the second longitudinal groove upondisengagement from said ledge and being fully retractable within thelock cylinder member to free the lock cylinder member forrotation uponthe insertion of a proper key therein, a locking element slidablelongitudinally in the second groove to and from a position interlockingthe members, and means on said locking element and engageable by atumbler projecting from the lock cylinder member during movement of thelock cylinder member from locked position for moving.

the locking element to its position interlocking the members.

29. A look comprising a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder memberrotatable in the mounting member bore, locking tumblers for holding thelock cylinder member in locked position and retractable within the lockcylinder member u on the insertion of a proper key therein to me thelock cylinder member for rotation, a locking element longitudinallymovable to and from a position interlocking said members, and teeth onsaid locking element having inclined portions lying in the path of thelocking tumblers upon movement of the lock cylinder member from lockedposition while the tumblers are projected therefrom whereby engagementof any tumbler with said inclined portions during such movement of thelock cylinder member moves the locking element to its operative positioninterlocklng the members.

30. A look comprising a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder membermovable in the mounting member bore, locking tumblers for holding thelock cylinder member against movement, said locking tumblers beingmovable in planes transverse to thelongitudinal axis of the lockcylinder member, a locking element movable longitudinally to a positioninterlocking said members, and means for transmitting,longitudinalmovement to the locking element from the transverse movement of alocking tumbler.

31'. A lock comprising a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder memberrotatable in the mounting member bore, locking tumblers for holding thelock cylinder member in locked position, said tumblers being retract- Iable to free the lock cylinder member for rotation upon the insertion ofa proper key into the lock cylinder member and movin in planestransverse to the longitudinal arms of the lock cylinder member uponrotation of the lock cylinder member, a locking element movablelongitudinally with respect to the lock cylinder member axis to aposition interlocking the members, andmeans for transmittinglongitudinal movement to the looking element from said transversemovement of any locking tumbler.

32. A look comprising a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder in themounting member bore, tumblers normally projected from the lock cylinderfor holding the lock cylinder in locked position in the mounting .memberbore, a locking element carried by the mounting member, an abutment on alocking member, a second abutment on a lock cylinder, means carried bythe locking element and engageable by the tumblers to slide the lockingelement to a position engaging its abutment with the lock cylindercarried abutment upon movement of the lock cylinder in one directionwith the tumblers projected,

and means operable to return the locking element to disengage itsabutment from the lock cylinder abutment upon movement of the lockcylinder in an opposite direction.

33. A look comprising a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder rotatabletherein, locking tumblers carried by the lock cylinder to normallyproject therefrom and secure the lock cylinder against rotation, saidlocking tumblers being retractable to free the lock cylcarried by intothe lock cylinder, I 25.

inder for rotation by the insertion -of a proper key, a locking elementcarried by the mounting member, means carried by the locking element andengageable by any tumbler not in retracted position .during rotation ofthe lock cylinder in one direction to move the locking elementlongitudinally, an abutment the locking element, an abutment carried bythe lock cylinder, said abutments being interlocked by such longitudinalmovement by the locking element, and means operable upon rotation of thelock cylinder in the opposite direction for returning the lockingelement to its normal inactive position.

.34. A look comprising a bored mounting member, a lock cylinder mountedtherein,

transverse key operable tumblers carried by thelock cylinder to normallyproject therefrom and secure the lock cylinder against romemberto-secure the lock tation, a locking cylinder against engaged by saidtherefrom bythe rotation and adapted to-be tumblers and to be freedinsertion of a proper key and means including said tumblers for movingthe locking memher into a position securing the lockcylinder againstrotation upon rotation of the lock cyllnder toward unlocked positioneffected Without the use of a proper key. In testimony whereof I havehereunto af fixed my signature.

JOHN W. FITZ GERALD.

